Difference between revisions of "Sar"
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<code>[[Wikipedia: sar (Unix)|sar]]</code> (System Activity Report) is a system utility command used to collect and report different metrics such us [[system load]], CPU activity, [[memory]] (<code>[[sar -r]]</code>), paging (<code>sar -B</code>), swap (<code>sar -S</code>), disk ([[sar -d]]), device load and network. It is extremely useful in analyzing current and recent recorded [[system performance]]. Most Linux distributions provide sar utility binary in the <code>sysstat</code> package. You will also find sar in Solaris, AIX, HP-UX but not in MacOs or FreeBSD. | <code>[[Wikipedia: sar (Unix)|sar]]</code> (System Activity Report) is a system utility command used to collect and report different metrics such us [[system load]], CPU activity, [[memory]] (<code>[[sar -r]]</code>), paging (<code>sar -B</code>), swap (<code>sar -S</code>), disk ([[sar -d]]), device load and network. It is extremely useful in analyzing current and recent recorded [[system performance]]. Most Linux distributions provide sar utility binary in the <code>sysstat</code> package. You will also find sar in Solaris, AIX, HP-UX but not in MacOs or FreeBSD. | ||
| − | == | + | == [[Sar installation]] == |
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| + | == Binaries == | ||
| + | *<code>/usr/bin/[[sadc]]</code> - System Activity Data Collector, a backend to the sar command. Writes binary log of kernel data to the <code>/var/log/sa/saXX</code> file, where the XX parameter indicates the current day | ||
| + | *<code>/usr/bin/sadf</code> - System Activity Data Formatter. Display data collected by sar in multiple formats. | ||
| + | *<code>/usr/bin/sar.sysstat</code> -- (sar is a symbolink link to this binary) | ||
| − | + | *<code>/usr/bin/cifsiostat</code> | |
| − | * <code> | + | *<code>/usr/bin/[[iostat]]</code> |
| − | * | + | *<code>/usr/bin/[[mpstat]]</code> |
| − | * | + | *<code>/usr/bin/pidstat</code> |
| − | * | + | *<code>/usr/bin/tapestat</code> |
| − | < | ||
| − | /usr/bin/ | ||
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| − | |||
| − | </ | ||
| − | < | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
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| − | |||
| − | /usr/bin/tapestat | ||
| − | </ | ||
== Configuration files == | == Configuration files == | ||
| − | [[Debian]]/[[Ubuntu]]: | + | * [[Debian]]/[[Ubuntu]]: |
| − | :<code> /etc/default/sysstat</code> | + | :<code>[[/etc/default/sysstat]]</code> |
| − | :<code> /etc/cron.d/sysstat</code> | + | :<code>[[/etc/cron.d/sysstat]]</code> (Collection interval defined in cron configuration) |
| − | :<code> /etc/sysstat/sysstat</code> | + | :<code>[[/etc/sysstat/sysstat]]</code> ([[SADC]]_OPTIONS) |
:<code>/etc/sysstat/sysstat.ioconf</code> | :<code>/etc/sysstat/sysstat.ioconf</code> | ||
| − | ::Data directory: <code>/var/log/sysstat</code> | + | ::Data directory: <code>[[/var/log/sysstat/]]</code> |
| − | [[RHEL]] | + | * [[RHEL]] |
| − | + | :<code>cat [[/etc/sysconfig/sysstat]]</code> | |
| − | + | :<code>cat [[/etc/cron.d/sysstat]]</code> | |
== Activation in Debian == | == Activation in Debian == | ||
| − | * To start collection data modify file <code>/etc/default/sysstat</code>, changing text <code>disabled</code> by <code>enabled</code>: <code>vi /etc/default/sysstat</code> | + | * To start collection data modify file <code>[[/etc/default/sysstat]]</code>, changing text <code>disabled</code> by <code>enabled</code>: <code>vi /etc/default/sysstat</code> |
| − | * <code>service sysstat restart</code> (sysstat written with two "ss" do not misspell with systat with just one "s") | + | * <code>[[service sysstat restart]]</code> (sysstat written with two "ss" do not misspell with systat with just one "s") |
Modifying number of days to keep and some other options are done in <code>/etc/sysstat/sysstat</code> file. By default Debian collect files for <code>HISTORY=7</code> 7 days. | Modifying number of days to keep and some other options are done in <code>/etc/sysstat/sysstat</code> file. By default Debian collect files for <code>HISTORY=7</code> 7 days. | ||
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=== Collection interval configuration === | === Collection interval configuration === | ||
To change for every 10 minutes to every 2 minutes or every minute, modify [[cron]] job in file: <code>/etc/cron.d/sysstat</code> | To change for every 10 minutes to every 2 minutes or every minute, modify [[cron]] job in file: <code>/etc/cron.d/sysstat</code> | ||
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| − | Every | + | 5-55/10 * * * * root command -v [[debian-sa1]] > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1 |
| − | * | + | |
| + | Every minute | ||
| + | * * * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1 | ||
| − | Every | + | Every 5 minutes |
| − | */ | + | */5 * * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1 |
| − | Every | + | Every 2 minutes |
| − | * * * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1 | + | */2 * * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1 |
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== Usage == | == Usage == | ||
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Binaries | Binaries | ||
| − | * <code>/usr/bin/sar</code> -- reporting utility -- it is a link to /usr/bin/sar.sysstat | + | * <code>[[/usr/bin/sar]]</code> -- reporting utility -- it is a link to /usr/bin/sar.sysstat |
* <code>/usr/lib64/sa/sadc</code> -- System activity data collector binary, a backend to the sar command. Writes binary log of kernel data to the /var/log/sa/sadd file, where the dd parameter indicates the current day | * <code>/usr/lib64/sa/sadc</code> -- System activity data collector binary, a backend to the sar command. Writes binary log of kernel data to the /var/log/sa/sadd file, where the dd parameter indicates the current day | ||
| − | + | [[Shell]] scripts | |
| − | * <code>/usr/lib64/sa/sa1</code> | + | * <code>/usr/lib64/sa/[[sa1]]</code> or <code>[[/usr/lib/sysstat/sa1]]</code >Collect and store binary data |
| − | * <code>/usr/lib64/sa/sa2</code> | + | * <code>/usr/lib64/sa/[[sa2]]</code> Create a report |
| + | |||
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| + | * <code>[[sar --help]]</code> | ||
== Basic Usage == | == Basic Usage == | ||
* Displays collected system activity, execute <code>sar</code>, you will have to wait some time, depending on your configuration, for getting collected information: | * Displays collected system activity, execute <code>sar</code>, you will have to wait some time, depending on your configuration, for getting collected information: | ||
| − | :<code>sar</code> | + | :<code>[[sar (example)|sar]]</code> |
| − | :<code>sar -A</code> Report all collected date | + | :<code>[[sar -A]]</code> Report all collected date |
| + | |||
'''[[Memory]]''' | '''[[Memory]]''' | ||
:<code>[[sar -r]]</code> | :<code>[[sar -r]]</code> | ||
| − | '''Disk''' | + | |
| + | '''[[Swap]]''' | ||
| + | :<code>[[sar -S]]</code> | ||
| + | :<code>[[sar -W]]</code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''Disk, [[filesystems]]''' | ||
:<code>[[sar -d]]</code> To report disk activity. See also <code>[[iostat]] -x</code>. | :<code>[[sar -d]]</code> To report disk activity. See also <code>[[iostat]] -x</code>. | ||
| − | :<code>[[sar -F]]</code> To report disk and [[inodes]] usage. Requires sadc option in <code>/etc/sysstat/sysstat</code> <code>-S XDISK</code> or <code>-S XALL</code> activated. | + | :<code>[[sar -F]]</code> To report filesystems statistics, disk and [[inodes]] usage. Requires sadc option in <code>/etc/sysstat/sysstat</code> <code>-S XDISK</code> or <code>-S XALL</code> activated. |
| − | ''' | + | '''[[Network]]''' |
| − | :<code>sar -n ALL</code> To show '''network''' data collected | + | :<code>[[sar -n ALL]]</code> To show '''network''' data collected |
'''power management''' | '''power management''' | ||
:<code>sar -m ALL</code> To show [[power management]] data collected including [[cpu temperature]] (Requires <code>[[sensors]]/[[lm-sensors]]</code> utility to be installed) | :<code>sar -m ALL</code> To show [[power management]] data collected including [[cpu temperature]] (Requires <code>[[sensors]]/[[lm-sensors]]</code> utility to be installed) | ||
| − | '''[[ | + | '''[[Process]]''' |
:<code>[[sar -q]]</code> | :<code>[[sar -q]]</code> | ||
| + | '''[[Interrupts]]''' | ||
| + | :<code>[[sar -I]] ALL</code> | ||
| − | * <code>[[systemctl]] | + | * <code>[[systemctl status sysstat]]</code> |
* <code>systemctl restart sysstat</code> | * <code>systemctl restart sysstat</code> | ||
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# Install and configure sar to record system activity every 5 minutes | # Install and configure sar to record system activity every 5 minutes | ||
# Read [[sysstat changelog]]: https://github.com/sysstat/sysstat/blob/master/CHANGES | # Read [[sysstat changelog]]: https://github.com/sysstat/sysstat/blob/master/CHANGES | ||
| − | # Read data from day 07 to day 11: <code>echo sa{07..11} | [[xargs]] -n1 sar -f</code> | + | # Read data from day 07 to day 11: <code>echo /var/log/sysstat/sa{07..11} | [[xargs]] -n1 sar -f</code> |
| + | # [[Read all sar collected files]]: <code>[[for]] SA_FILE in $(ls -1 [[/var/log/sysstat/]]sa??); do sar -f $SA_FILE; done</code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Related== | ||
| + | * <code>[[collectl]]</code> | ||
| + | * [[Prometheus Node exporter]] | ||
| + | * [[Grafana agent]] | ||
| + | * [[Metricbeat]] | ||
| + | * [[Zabbix agent]] | ||
| + | * [[libsensors4]] package | ||
| + | * <code>[[%nice]]</code> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
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* {{io performance commands}} | * {{io performance commands}} | ||
| − | * | + | * {{sar}} |
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* systat [[FreeBSD]]<ref>https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=systat&apropos=0&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports+11.2&arch=default&format=html</ref> or NetBSD commands. | * systat [[FreeBSD]]<ref>https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=systat&apropos=0&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports+11.2&arch=default&format=html</ref> or NetBSD commands. | ||
| − | * | + | * {{sysstat}} |
| + | * {{Metrics collectors}} | ||
[[Category:Server administration]] | [[Category:Server administration]] | ||
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| − | |||
[[Category:monitoring]] | [[Category:monitoring]] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:31, 9 June 2024
sar (System Activity Report) is a system utility command used to collect and report different metrics such us system load, CPU activity, memory (sar -r), paging (sar -B), swap (sar -S), disk (sar -d), device load and network. It is extremely useful in analyzing current and recent recorded system performance. Most Linux distributions provide sar utility binary in the sysstat package. You will also find sar in Solaris, AIX, HP-UX but not in MacOs or FreeBSD.
Contents
Sar installation[edit]
Binaries[edit]
/usr/bin/sadc- System Activity Data Collector, a backend to the sar command. Writes binary log of kernel data to the/var/log/sa/saXXfile, where the XX parameter indicates the current day/usr/bin/sadf- System Activity Data Formatter. Display data collected by sar in multiple formats./usr/bin/sar.sysstat-- (sar is a symbolink link to this binary)
Configuration files[edit]
/etc/default/sysstat/etc/cron.d/sysstat(Collection interval defined in cron configuration)/etc/sysstat/sysstat(SADC_OPTIONS)/etc/sysstat/sysstat.ioconf- Data directory:
/var/log/sysstat/
- Data directory:
Activation in Debian[edit]
- To start collection data modify file
/etc/default/sysstat, changing textdisabledbyenabled:vi /etc/default/sysstat service sysstat restart(sysstat written with two "ss" do not misspell with systat with just one "s")
Modifying number of days to keep and some other options are done in /etc/sysstat/sysstat file. By default Debian collect files for HISTORY=7 7 days.
Configuration in Debian/Ubuntu[edit]
Main Configuration file: /etc/sysstat/sysstat[edit]
/etc/sysstat/sysstat Everything configured in this file, including data collection (sadc) options, except collection interval configured in crontab: /etc/cron.d/sysstat
/etc/sysstat/sysstat HISTORY=7 COMPRESSAFTER=10 SADC_OPTIONS="-S XALL" SA_DIR=/var/log/sysstat ZIP="bzip2"
By default configuration SADC_OPTIONs is configure to SADC_OPTIONS="-S DISK" you can change SADC_OPTIONS default option to collect all data:
SADC_OPTIONS from -S DISK to -S XALL. See man sadc for more options: { DISK | INT | IPV6 | POWER | SNMP | XDISK | ALL | XALL [,...] }.
Collection interval configuration[edit]
To change for every 10 minutes to every 2 minutes or every minute, modify cron job in file: /etc/cron.d/sysstat
5-55/10 * * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1
Every minute * * * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1
Every 5 minutes */5 * * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1
Every 2 minutes */2 * * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1
Usage[edit]
System activity collection is provided by 4 programs, two binaries sar,sadc and two shell scriptssa1sa2.
Binaries
/usr/bin/sar-- reporting utility -- it is a link to /usr/bin/sar.sysstat/usr/lib64/sa/sadc-- System activity data collector binary, a backend to the sar command. Writes binary log of kernel data to the /var/log/sa/sadd file, where the dd parameter indicates the current day
Shell scripts
/usr/lib64/sa/sa1or/usr/lib/sysstat/sa1Collect and store binary data/usr/lib64/sa/sa2Create a report
Basic Usage[edit]
- Displays collected system activity, execute
sar, you will have to wait some time, depending on your configuration, for getting collected information:
Disk, filesystems
sar -dTo report disk activity. See alsoiostat -x.sar -FTo report filesystems statistics, disk and inodes usage. Requires sadc option in/etc/sysstat/sysstat-S XDISKor-S XALLactivated.
sar -n ALLTo show network data collected
power management
sar -m ALLTo show power management data collected including cpu temperature (Requiressensors/lm-sensorsutility to be installed)
sar -I ALL
systemctl status sysstatsystemctl restart sysstat
Activities[edit]
- Install and configure sar to record system activity every 5 minutes
- Read sysstat changelog: https://github.com/sysstat/sysstat/blob/master/CHANGES
- Read data from day 07 to day 11:
echo /var/log/sysstat/sa{07..11} | xargs -n1 sar -f - Read all sar collected files:
for SA_FILE in $(ls -1 /var/log/sysstat/sa??); do sar -f $SA_FILE; done
Related[edit]
See also[edit]
- IO performance:
iotop, iostat, sar -d, fio, nmon, vmstat -d,dd,nmon,stress sar, installation, sar -A,sar -F, sar -d,sar -I ALL,sar -n NFS,sar -r,sar -S,sar -W,sar -n ALL, Installing sysstat using Ansible,/etc/sysstat/sysstat,/etc/cron.d/sysstat,sar --help, Sysstat changelog,/var/log/sysstat/,cpu time steal, sargraph, isag, Telegraf- systat FreeBSD[1] or NetBSD commands.
- Performance: sysstat,
sar,sadc,debian-sa1,sa1, sa2,iostat,nfsiostatmpstat,changelog,/usr/lib/sysstat/sadc,/etc/sysstat/sysstat,pidstat, irqstat - Metric colletion tools:
prometheus-node-exporter,metricbeat,sysstat,zabbix_agent,Icingabeat, Telegraf, AWS CloudWatch agent
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Original source: https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Linux_server_administration/sar
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