Difference between revisions of "Privacy-Enhanced Mail (.PEM)"

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[[wikipedia:Privacy-Enhanced Mail]] extension for [[X.509]] certificates. <code>.pem</code> defined in [[RFCs]] 1421 through 1424, this is a container format that may include just the [[public certificate]] (such as with Apache installs, and CA certificate files <code>[[/etc/ssl/certs/]]</code>), or may include an entire certificate chain including [[public key]], [[private key]] and [[root certificates]]. Confusingly, it may also encode a [[CSR]] (e.g. as used here) as the [[PKCS10]] format can be translated into PEM. The name is from Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM), a failed method for secure email but the container format it used lives on, and is a base64 translation of the x509 ASN.1 keys.<ref>https://serverfault.com/questions/9708/what-is-a-pem-file-and-how-does-it-differ-from-other-openssl-generated-key-file </ref>
  
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pem - Defined in RFCs 1421 through 1424, this is a container format that may include just the public certificate (such as with Apache installs, and CA certificate files /etc/ssl/certs), or may include an entire certificate chain including public key, private key, and root certificates. Confusingly, it may also encode a CSR (e.g. as used here) as the PKCS10 format can be translated into PEM. The name is from Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM), a failed method for secure email but the container format it used lives on, and is a base64 translation of the x509 ASN.1 keys.<ref>https://serverfault.com/questions/9708/what-is-a-pem-file-and-how-does-it-differ-from-other-openssl-generated-key-file </ref>
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PEM or [[DER]] or [[PFX]]
  
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PEM or [[DER]] or [[PFX]]
 
  
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* <code>[[ssh-keygen -m PEM]] -t [[rsa]] -f your_new_rsa_key.pem</code>
  
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<code>[[ssh-keygen]] -m PEM -t [[rsa]] -f your_new_rsa_key.pem</code>
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* [[Convert from .cer to .pem]]
  
  
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Read certificate:
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Read [[certificate]]:
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[[openssl]] [[x509]] -in certificate.pem -text
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* <code>[[openssl x509 -in]] certificate.pem -text</code>
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[[keytool]] -printcert -file certificate.pem
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* <code>[[openssl s_client]] -showcerts -connect YOUR_DOMAIN.COM:443</code>
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* <code>[[keytool]] -printcert -file certificate.pem</code>
  
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Generate certificate:
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* <code>[[openssl req]]</code>
  
  
 
PKCS7 chain in [[DER]] format. These files also may be named with a .p7b extension
 
PKCS7 chain in [[DER]] format. These files also may be named with a .p7b extension
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* [[OpenSSH 7.8]], (August 2018) Incompatible changes: <code>[[ssh-keygen]]</code> write [[OpenSSH format]] private keys by default instead of using OpenSSL's PEM format.
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[[file]] your_pem_file.pem
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your_pem_file.pem [[PEM]] RSA private key
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file example.org[[.csr]]
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example.org.csr: PEM [[certificate request]]
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file your_cert_for_development.cer
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your_cert_for_development.cer: Certificate, Version=3
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== Related terms ==
 
== Related terms ==
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* <code>[[.cer]]</code>
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* <code>[[.crt]]</code>
 
* [[X.509]]
 
* [[X.509]]
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* <code>[[ssh-keygen]]</code>
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* <code>[[ssh-keygen -m]]</code> and <code>[[openssl req]]</code>
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* <code>[[openssl]]</code>
 
 
* <code>[[.crt]]</code> ([[Core FTP]])
 
* <code>[[.crt]]</code> ([[Core FTP]])
 
* <code>[[.key]]</code> ([[Core FTP]])
 
* <code>[[.key]]</code> ([[Core FTP]])
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* [[Let's Encrypt]] request certificate: <code>[[certbot certonly]]</code>
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* [[Let's Encrypt]]: <code>[[certbot certonly]]</code>, <code>[[certbot certificates]]</code>
 
* [[Nginx]] <code>[[ssl_certificate]]</code> directive
 
* [[Nginx]] <code>[[ssl_certificate]]</code> directive
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* <code>[[.pfx]]</code> or <code>[[.p12]]</code>
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* <code>[[IdentityFile]]</code>
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* [[PEM]] ([[RFC 1421]])
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* [[OpenSSH PEM]] ([[RFC 4716]])
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* [[tls_private_key]]
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== Activities ==
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* Read about [[certificate extensions]]: https://knowledge.digicert.com/generalinformation/INFO2824.html
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
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* {{openSSL}}
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* {{base64}}
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* {{OpenSSH}}
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* {{.pem}}
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* {{ssh}}
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* {{PEM}}
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* {{CA}}
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* {{CSR}}
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* {{X.509}}
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* {{Certificates}}
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* {{PKCS}}
  
  
 
[[Category:Security]]
 
[[Category:Security]]

Latest revision as of 10:43, 25 July 2024

wikipedia:Privacy-Enhanced Mail extension for X.509 certificates. .pem defined in RFCs 1421 through 1424, this is a container format that may include just the public certificate (such as with Apache installs, and CA certificate files /etc/ssl/certs/), or may include an entire certificate chain including public key, private key and root certificates. Confusingly, it may also encode a CSR (e.g. as used here) as the PKCS10 format can be translated into PEM. The name is from Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM), a failed method for secure email but the container format it used lives on, and is a base64 translation of the x509 ASN.1 keys.[1]

PEM or DER or PFX



Read certificate:

Generate certificate:


PKCS7 chain in DER format. These files also may be named with a .p7b extension 


file your_pem_file.pem
your_pem_file.pem PEM RSA private key

file example.org.csr
example.org.csr: PEM certificate request

file your_cert_for_development.cer
your_cert_for_development.cer: Certificate, Version=3


Related terms[edit]

Activities[edit]

See also[edit]

  • ↑ https://serverfault.com/questions/9708/what-is-a-pem-file-and-how-does-it-differ-from-other-openssl-generated-key-file
    • Retrieved from "https://www.wikieduonline.com/index.php?title=Privacy-Enhanced_Mail_(.PEM)&oldid=337169"

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