Nginx

wikipedia:Nginx web server that was written in 2004 as an alternative to popular Apache web server.

• Official documentation: https://nginx.org/en/docs/
• Configuration Files:

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

Nginx logs (See also Nginx change log)

• Error log file: /var/log/nginx/error.log
• Access log file: /var/log/nginx/access.log
• Logrotate: /etc/logrotate.d/nginx
• journalctl -u nginx

journalctl -u nginx | grep emerg

Installation

Ubuntu

apt install nginx-light
systemctl status nginx
/var/www/html/

apt install nginx

Docker Nginx https://hub.docker.com/_/nginx

Features

Nginx can be deployed to serve dynamic HTTP content on the network using FastCGI, SCGI handlers for scripts, WSGI application servers or Phusion Passenger modules, and it can serve as a software load balancer.

Nginx uses an asynchronous event-driven approach, rather than threads, to handle requests. Nginx's modular event-driven architecture can provide more predictable performance under high loads.

Nginx default configuration file is nginx.conf.

HTTP proxy and Web server features

• Ability to handle more than 10,000 simultaneous connections with a low memory footprint (~2.5 MB per 10k inactive HTTP keep-alive connections)
• Handling of static files, index files and auto-indexing
• Reverse proxy with caching (proxy_pass directive) (Do not support proxy )
• Load balancing with in-band health checks (upstream directive)
• TLS/SSL with SNI and OCSP stapling support, via OpenSSL
• FastCGI, SCGI, uWSGI support with caching
• gRPC support since March 2018, version 1.13.10.
• Name- and IP address-based virtual servers
• IPv6-compatible
• WebSockets since 1.3.13, including acting as a reverse proxy and do load balancing of WebSocket applications.
• HTTP/1.1 Upgrade (101 Switching Protocols), HTTP/2 protocol support
• URL rewriting and redirection

Mail proxy features

• TLS/SSL support
• STARTTLS support
• SMTP, POP3, and IMAP proxy
• Requires Authentication using an external HTTP server or by an authentication script

Other features include upgrading executable and configuration without client connections loss, and a module-based architecture with both core and third-party module support.

The paid Nginx Plus product includes additional features such as advanced load balancing and access to an expanded suite of metrics for performance monitoring.

Linux Nginx Operation on systemd distributions

• Verify/Test Configuration: nginx -t
• Status: systemctl status nginx
• Start: systemctl start nginx
• Stop: systemctl stop nginx
• Restart: systemctl restart nginx (See also: nginx -t)

Activities

• Track Application Response time in Nginx
• Enable status page in Nginx to get information about active connections and other parameters: https://easyengine.io/tutorials/nginx/status-page/ and test it: curl http://127.0.0.1/nginx_status
• Read Nginx Change log
• Configure HTTP to HTTPs redirection with Nginx
• Review SSL nginx configuration

Medium

• Use prometheus-nginx-exporter to collect Nginx metrics
• Use metricbeat to collect metrics, see: metricbeat modules list

Related terms

• NGINX Amplify SaaS
• Subdomain redirection
• nginx_status
• F5 Inc
• Kubernetes: Ingress-nginx

See also

• Nginx: nginx -t, nginx.conf, /etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf, Nginx Sample Configurations, server, ssl_certificate, redirect, return, rewrite, sendfile, request_uri, server_name, listen, /etc/nginx/snippets/, /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
• Web server: Nginx: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf, nginx -t, Nginx logs, Nginx change log, PHP, php-fpm, Let's encrypt, Nginx directives, Reverse Proxy, Configure HTTP redirection Nginx, Return, proxy_pass (Reverse proxy), ngx_http_rewrite_module, /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/, error.log, access.log, /nginx status, AIO
• Web servers: Apache, Nginx, Caddy, Caddyfile, Lighttpd, Gunicorn, WSGI

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nginx