Ls

ls is a command to list files, directories and symbolic links in Linux and Unix-like operating systems include in the coreutils package in Ubuntu.

• Man page: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/ls.1.html

Linux Examples

• ls
• ll (alias from ls -laF)
• ls -l
• ls -lh
• ls -lhaR
• One line listing with sizes using ls and find: ls -ldh $(find /path/to/search/)
• Sort by size:
  • ls -lhS
  • ls -lR | grep '^-' | sort -rnk5 (sort will not work if ls is used with -h)
  • Including full path: ls -ld $(find ./) | sort -rnk5 | more

-su: /bin/ls: Argument list too long

-d list directories themselves, not their contents

• ls -la -block use SIZE-byte blocks

Flags

-F appends symbols to filenames. These symbols show useful information about files.

@ means symbolic link (or that the file has extended attributes).
* means executable.
= means socket.
| means named pipe.
> means door.
/ means directory.

Related commands

• find
• du
• df

See also

• File system, du, df, find, ls, mkdir, touch, locate
• du, du -hs, Disk space usage, df, ls, tree, find, docker system df, journalctl --disk-usage, No space left on device, ENOSPC, sar -F, growpart, resize2fs, ncdu, duf, dua-cli

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/82357/what-do-the-symbols-displayed-by-ls-f-mean