Lsof

lsof list open files and network connections.

Basic commands

• lsof /path/to/file or lsof /path/to/dir
• lsof -t /path/to/file

-t terse output with process identifiers only and no header

Files related

List all open files by a specific process:

• lsof -p PID
• lsof -u USERNAME
• lsof -a +L1 /path/to/fs

Network related

• lsof -i

Open TCP ports:

• lsof -iTCP -sTCP:LISTEN -P -n

Open UDP ports:

• lsof -iUDP -P -n

• macOS: sudo lsof -iTCP -sTCP:LISTEN -n -P

Related commands

• netstat, ss and netstat
• proc
• fuser

Activities

1. Read lsof questions on StackExchange: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/lsof?tab=Votes
2. Review further examples in https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/08/lsof-command-examples/

See also

• lsof,strace, auditctl, fuser
• kill
• ip [link, route], ifconfig netstat ss lsof ping ethtool mii-tool arping nmcli(RHEL) route networkctl, netplan, tc, networkd-dispatcher
• file, File system, directory, touch, mkdir, ls, ln truncate, fallocate, split, stat, inode, File descriptor, superblock, block size (blockdev), fuser, lsof, scrub, chattr, ulimit (nofiles), cp, mv, file (command), mkfifo, chmod

http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/lsof.8.html

https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/08/lsof-command-examples/