Sar

sar (System Activity Report) is a system utility command used to collect and report different metrics such us system load, CPU activity, memory (sar -r), paging (sar -B), swap (sar -S), disk (sar -d), device load and network. It is extremely useful in analyzing current and recent recorded system performance. Most Linux distributions provide sar utility binary in the sysstat package. You will also find sar in Solaris, AIX, HP-UX but not in MacOs or FreeBSD.

Installation

One line command for installation and basic configuration for collecting :

• Debian/Ubuntu:

apt-get -y install sysstat; sed -i 's/ENABLED="false"/ENABLED="true"/g' /etc/default/sysstat && service sysstat restart && sar

Optionally modify collection interval in: /etc/cron.d/sysstat

Optionally modify collection options in (SADC_OPTIONS="-S XALL"): /etc/sysstat/sysstat (man sadc)

• Red Hat/Fedora/Oracle Linux/AWS AMI:

yum -y install sysstat && service sysstat start

Installing sar Debian, you have to install sysstat package that includes sar and some other performance tools:

• apt-get -y install sysstat
• Checking installation: dpkg -l sysstat
• Binaries installed in /usr/bin/ directory: dpkg -L sysstat | grep "/usr/bin". Sysstat package contains sar and some other utilities.
• Installing sysstat using Ansible

/usr/bin/sadc - System Activity Data Collector, a backend to the sar command. Writes binary log of kernel data to the /var/log/sa/saXX file, where the XX parameter indicates the current day
/usr/bin/sadf - System Activity Data Formatter.        Display data collected by sar in multiple formats.
/usr/bin/sar.sysstat  (sar is a symbolink link to this binary)

/usr/bin/cifsiostat
/usr/bin/iostat
/usr/bin/mpstat
/usr/bin/pidstat
/usr/bin/tapestat

Configuration files

Debian/Ubuntu:

/etc/default/sysstat

/etc/cron.d/sysstat (Collection interval defined in cron configuration)

/etc/sysstat/sysstat (SADC_OPTIONS)

/etc/sysstat/sysstat.ioconf

Data directory: /var/log/sysstat

RHEL

cat /etc/sysconfig/sysstat
cat /etc/cron.d/sysstat

Activation in Debian

• To start collection data modify file /etc/default/sysstat, changing text disabled by enabled: vi /etc/default/sysstat
• service sysstat restart (sysstat written with two "ss" do not misspell with systat with just one "s")

Modifying number of days to keep and some other options are done in /etc/sysstat/sysstat file. By default Debian collect files for HISTORY=7 7 days.

Configuration in Debian/Ubuntu

Main Configuration file: /etc/sysstat/sysstat

/etc/sysstat/sysstat Everything configured in this file, including data collection (sadc) options, except collection interval configured in crontab: /etc/cron.d/sysstat

/etc/sysstat/sysstat
HISTORY=7
COMPRESSAFTER=10
SADC_OPTIONS="-S XALL"
SA_DIR=/var/log/sysstat
ZIP="bzip2"

By default configuration SADC_OPTIONs is configure to SADC_OPTIONS="-S DISK" you can change SADC_OPTIONS default option to collect all data: SADC_OPTIONS from -S DISK to -S XALL. See man sadc for more options: { DISK | INT | IPV6 | POWER | SNMP | XDISK | ALL | XALL [,...] }.

Collection interval configuration

To change for every 10 minutes to every 2 minutes or every minute, modify cron job in file: /etc/cron.d/sysstat

5-55/10 * * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1

Every 5 minutes
*/5 * * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1

Every 2 minutes
*/2 * * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1

Every minute
* * * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1

Usage

System activity collection is provided by 4 programs, two binaries sar,sadc and two shell scriptssa1sa2.

Binaries

• /usr/bin/sar -- reporting utility -- it is a link to /usr/bin/sar.sysstat
• /usr/lib64/sa/sadc -- System activity data collector binary, a backend to the sar command. Writes binary log of kernel data to the /var/log/sa/sadd file, where the dd parameter indicates the current day

Shell scripts

• /usr/lib64/sa/sa1 or /usr/lib/sysstat/sa1Collect and store binary data
• /usr/lib64/sa/sa2 Create a report

Basic Usage

• Displays collected system activity, execute sar, you will have to wait some time, depending on your configuration, for getting collected information:

sar

sar -A Report all collected date

Memory

sar -r

Swap

sar -S

sar -W

Disk

sar -d To report disk activity. See also iostat -x.

sar -F To report filesystems statistics, disk and inodes usage. Requires sadc option in /etc/sysstat/sysstat -S XDISK or -S XALL activated.

Network

sar -n ALL To show network data collected

power management

sar -m ALL To show power management data collected including cpu temperature (Requires sensors/lm-sensors utility to be installed)

Process

sar -q

Interrupts

sar -I ALL

• systemctl status sysstat
• systemctl restart sysstat

Activities

1. Install and configure sar to record system activity every 5 minutes
2. Read sysstat changelog: https://github.com/sysstat/sysstat/blob/master/CHANGES
3. Read data from day 07 to day 11: echo sa{07..11} | xargs -n1 sar -f

Related terms

• collectl
• Prometheus Node exporter
• Metricbeat
• Zabbix agent
• libsensors4 package

See also

• top, ntop, htop, atop, iotop, systemd-cgtop, virt-top, stress, slabtop, docker stats, docker top, docker container top, docker-compose top, nmon, tload, kubectl top pod PODNAME, sar, kubectl top, glances, vmstat, gpustat, asitop
• IO performance: iotop, iostat, sar -d, fio, nmon, vmstat -d, dd, nmon, stress
• Monitoring: On call, Monitoring software, Monitoring services, Resource monitoring, Metric colletion tools, network monitoring, SLA Management Monitoring Tools, Alarm/Alert, Resource starvation, Alerts and notifications, Monitoring Kubernetes, VictoriaMetrics, Sensu, LogicMonitor, Distributed tracing, Datadog Monitors
• sar, installation, sar -A, sar -F, sar -d, sar -I ALL, sar -n NFS, sar -r, sar -S, sar -W, sar -n ALL, Installing sysstat using Ansible, /etc/sysstat/sysstat, /etc/cron.d/sysstat, sar --help, Sysstat changelog, /var/log/sysstat/, cpu time steal, sargraph, isag, Telegraf
• isag - wikipedia:tcl based command to plot sar/sysstat data
• sargraph https://github.com/sysstat/sysstat/blob/master/contrib/sargraph/sargraph2
• systat FreeBSD or NetBSD commands.
• Telegraph https://docs.influxdata.com/telegraf/v1.12/introduction/getting-started/
• Metric colletion tools: prometheus-node-exporter, metricbeat, sysstat, zabbix_agent, Icingabeat, Telegraf, AWS CloudWatch agent

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Original source: https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Linux_server_administration/sar