Git

Git is a distributed revision control software.

Activities

Git Installation

1. Download Git from https://git-scm.com/downloads.
2. Install Git. (MacOS: brew install git)

Copy an existing remote repository

1. Clone a remote repository.
   • Select a local folder to copy the repository into, or create a new folder if you prefer. The repository will be copied as a subdirectory of the selected folder.
   • At a command or terminal prompt, navigate to the selected folder.
   • Clone the repository using the command:
     git clone URL_TO_REPO. See also: git pull and git fetch

Create a local repository

1. Initialize a folder for Git.
   • Select a local folder to add to Git, or create a new folder if you are starting a new project.
   • At a command or terminal prompt, navigate to the selected folder.
   • Initialize the folder using the command:
     git init

Make Local Changes and Update remote Repositories

Add local changes.

1. Stage files.
   • Add files to the folder or modify existing files.
   • Add new and modified files to the git staging area using the command:
     git add . or git add some_modified_file.txt or git add -A
2. Commit changes.
   • Commit changes into the local repository using the command:
     git commit -m "<some message>"
3. Connect to a remote repository.
   • Connect to a remote repository using the command:
     git remote add <name> <url>
4. Push changes to a remote repository.
   • Push changes from your local repository to a remote repository using the command:
     git push or git push origin master or git push -h origin master

Retrieve Remote Changes

• Pull/get changes from a remote repository to have latest version of the code
  • Pull/get changes from a remote repository to your local repository using the command:

git pull or git pull <name> <branch>

git pull -v (for more verbose output)

git fetch

gfind $1 -name ".git" | gsed -r 's|/[^/]+$||' | parallel "echo {}; git -C {} pull" (git pull all your repos in parallel, MacOS version)

• Pull subdirectories:

ls | parallel git -C {} pull (assuming all sub-dirs are git repositories)

ls | parallel git -C {} fetch

-C <PATH> run as if git was started in <path> instead of the current working directory.

Repository information

• git remote -v or git remote show origin or git config --get remote.origin.url

Git log

• git log
• git log -p
• git log --all
• git log --oneline
• git log --pretty=format:"%h - %an, %ar on %cd: %s"
• Show modifications to a file:git log --follow -p FILE_TO_SHOW or git blame FILE_TO_SHOW
• git shortlog
• List developers: git shortlogs -sne

Git show

• git show 3c88ad72430

Tags / Releases

• Show all tags in git log: git log --no-walk --tags --pretty="%h %d %s" --decorate=full
• git tag (show releases)
• List tags with dates: git log --tags --simplify-by-decoration --pretty="format:%ci %d". Just can also add taglog = log --tags --simplify-by-decoration --pretty='format:%ci %d' (note the single-, NOT double-quotes) in the [alias] section of your /.gitconfig/ file.

Miscelaneous

• git log --decorate=full --simplify-by-decoration
• Print lines matching a pattern:git grep TEXT_TO_SEARCH
• git merge

Tips and Tricks

• To avoid using --pager in all git log commands, add the following line to your ~/.bash_profile file:
  export GIT_PAGER=cat

Activities

1. Clone some git public repositories
2. Learn what is a merge or pull request: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23076923/what-is-a-merge-request
3. Create your first website in GitHub/Website Hosting using git
4. Read StackOverflow questions about Git: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/git?tab=Votes

See also

• git: [config | init | status ], git add, git rm, git commit, git push, git pull, .gitconfig, .gitignore, git (clone, fetch, pull), git tag, git log, git blame, Merge Request, LFS, git branch, git apply, git rebase, git diff, git diff-tree, git config --global, remote | submodule | request-pull, GIT_TRACE, GIT_CURL_VERBOSE, clean, main, git show-ref, git reset, git prune, git ls-remote origin, git checkout, git switch, pathspec, git credential-osxkeychain, git version, pre-commit, git --help, GitBook, refs/
• gitrob, TruffleHog, gitleaks

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Source: https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Version_Control/Git