HTML 5
HTML5 is a markup language used for structuring and presenting content on the World Wide Web.
Contents
New in HTML5
Forms
- - The Web Forms 2.0 specification allows the creation of more powerful forms and more compelling user experiences.
- - Date pickers, color pickers, and numeric stepper controls have been added.
- - Input field types now include email, search, and URL.
- - PUT and DELETE form methods are now supported.
Integrated API (Application Programming Interfaces)
- - Drag and Drop
- - Audio and Video
- - Offline Web Applications
- - History
- - Local Storage
- - Geolocation
- - Web Messaging
Content Models
The List of Content Models
In HTML, elements typically belonged in either the block level or inline content model. HTML5 introduces seven main content models.
- - Metadata
- - Embedded
- - Interactive
- - Heading
- - Phrasing
- - Flow
- - Sectioning
Content Models
Metadata: Content that sets up the presentation or behavior of the rest of the content. These elements are found in the head of the document.
- Elements: <base>, <link>, <meta>, <noscript>, <script>, <style>, <title>
Embedded: Content that imports other resources into the document.
- Elements: <audio>, <video>, <canvas>, <iframe>, <img>, <math>, <object>, <svg>
Interactive: Content specifically intended for user interaction.
- Elements: <a>, <audio>, <video>, <button>, <details>, <embed>, <iframe>, <img>, <input>, <label>, <object>, <select>, <textarea>
Heading: Defines a section header.
- Elements: <h1, <h2, <h3, <h4, <h5, <h6, <hgroup>
Phrasing: This model has a number of inline-level elements in common with HTML4.
- Elements: <img>, <span, <strong, <label>, br />, <small, <sub, and more.
Flow content: Contains the majority of HTML5 elements that would be included in the normal flow of the document.
Sectioning content: Defines the scope of headings, content, navigation, and footers.
- Elements: <article>, <aside>, <nav>, <section>
The <header> Element
In HTML4, we would define a header like this:
<div id="header">
In HTML5, a simple <header> tag is used, instead.
The <header> element is appropriate for use inside the body tag.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head></head>
<body>
<header>
<h1> Most important heading </h1>
<h3> Less important heading </h3>
</header>
</body>
</html>
Note that the <header> is completely different from the <head> tag.
The footer element is also widely used. Generally, we refer to a section located at the very bottom of the web page as the footer.
<footer>…</footer>
The following information is usually provided between these tags:
- - Contact Information
- - Privacy Policy
- - Social Media Icons
- - Terms of Service
- - Copyright Information
- - Sitemap and Related Documents
This tag represents a section of a page that links to other pages or to certain sections within the page. This would be a section with navigation links.
Here is an example of a major block of navigation links:
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Services</a></li>
<li><a href="#">About us</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
Not all of the links in a document should be inside a <nav> element. The <nav> element is intended only for major blocks of navigation links. Typically, the <footer> element often has a list of links that don't need to be in a <nav> element.
article, section & aside
The <article> Element
The article is a self-contained, independent piece of content that can be used and distributed separately from the rest of the page or site. This could be a forum post, a magazine or newspaper article, a blog entry, a comment, an interactive widget or gadget, or any other independent piece of content.
The <article> element replaces the <div element that was widely used in HTML4, along with an id or class.
<article> <h1>The article title</h1> <p>Contents of the article element </p> </article>
When an <article> element is nested, the inner element represents an article related to the outer element. For example, blog post comments can be <article> elements nested in the <article> representing the blog post.
The <section> Element
<section> is a logical container of the page or article. Sections can be used to divide up content within an article. For example, a homepage could have a section for introducing the company, another for news items, and still another for contact information.
Each <section>should be identified, typically by including a heading (h1-h6 element) as a child of the <section> element.
<article>
<h1>Welcome</h1>
<section>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>content or image</p>
</section>
</article>
If it makes sense to separately syndicate the content of a <section> element, use an <article> element instead.
The <aside> Element
<aside> is secondary or tangential content which could be considered separate from but indirectly related to the main content. This type of content is often represented in sidebars. When an <aside> tag is used within an <article> tag, the content of the <aside> should be specifically related to that article.
<article>
<h1> Gifts for everyone </h1>
<p> This website will be the best place for choosing gifts </p>
<aside>
<p> Gifts will be delivered to you within 24 hours </p>
</aside>
</article>
When an <aside> tag is used outside of an <article> tag, its content should be related to the surrounding content.
The Audio Element
Audio on the Web
The HTML5 <audio> element specifies a standard for embedding audio in a web page.
There are two different ways to specify the audio source file's URL. The first uses the source attribute:
<audio src="audio.mp3" controls> Audio element not supported by your browser </audio>
The second way uses the <source> element inside the <audio> element:
<audio controls> <source src="audio.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"> <source src="audio.ogg" type="audio/ogg"> </audio>
Attributes of <audio>
controls Specifies that audio controls should be displayed (such as a play/pause button, etc.)
autoplay When this attribute is defined, audio starts playing as soon as it is ready, without asking for the visitor's permission.
<audio controls autoplay>
<source src="http://www.xxxxx.com/uploads/audio.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
Audio element not supported by your browser.
</audio>
loop This attribute is used to have the audio replay every time it is finished.
<audio controls autoplay loop>
Currently, there are three supported file formats for the <audio> element: MP3, WAV, and OGG.
The Video Element
The video element is similar to the audio element. You can specify the video source URL using an attribute in a video element, or using source elements inside the video element:
<video controls> <source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4"> <source src="video.ogg" type="video/ogg"> Video is not supported by your browser </video>
Another aspect that the audio and video elements have in common is that the major browsers do not all support the same file types. If the browser does not support the first video type, it will try the next one.
Attributes of <video>
Another aspect shared by both the audio and the video elements is that each has controls, autoplay and loop attributes.
<video controls autoplay loop> <source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4"> <source src="video.ogg" type="video/ogg"> Video is not supported by your browser </video>
Currently, there are three supported video formats for the <video> element: MP4, WebM, and OGG
Progress Element
The <progress> element provides the ability to create progress bars on the web. The progress element can be used within headings, paragraphs, or anywhere else in the body.
Progress Element Attributes Value: Specifies how much of the task has been completed. Max: Specifies how much work the task requires in total.
Example:
Status: <progress min="0" max="100" value="35"> </progress>
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