Hdparm

sudo hdparm -t /dev/sdc9
/dev/sdc9:
 Timing buffered disk reads: 1498 MB in  3.00 seconds = 499.29 MB/sec

See also

• iotop
• HDD, S.M.A.R.T., hdparm, udisksctl, CHS, ata, smartctl, WD Elements Desktop Hard Drive

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/108838/how-can-i-benchmark-my-hdd