nmap

nmap (1997) (Network Mapper) is a security scanner developed by Gordon Lyon that can be used to discover hosts and services on a computer or computer network. Includes at least nmap and nping binaries.

Installation

• apt install nmap or snap install nmap

Basic nmap commands

• Basic nmap port scan (not all ports are scanned):
  • nmap -Pn HOSTNAME_OR_NET_TO_SCAN
  • nmap -Pn HOSTNAME_OR_NET_TO_SCAN -p 80,443

-Pn (No ping), do not verify is host is up

• • Scan all ports (1 – 65535)
    • nmap -p- 192.168.0.1
  • nmap HOSTNAME_TO_SCAN

• Network scan:
  • nmap -sn 192.168.0.* (-sn - ping scan so No/disable port scan)

-sn: Ping scan so disable port scan

• OS detection:

nmap -O IP

• nmap -A IPAddress equivalent to nmap -sV -sC -O -traceroute IPaddress

Basic nping commands

nping is packet generation, response analysis and response time measurement available since 2011 and developed by nmap developers

• "TCP ping":
  • nping -c 1 --tcp -p 80,433 google.com
  • nping -c 3 --tcp -p 443 --flags syn google.com
• nping -H -tr 8.8.8.8 (-H Hide-sent do not display sent packets, -tr traceroute)

Basic port scanning

• Scan common ports

nmap -F 192.168.0.1

• Scan all ports (1 – 65535)

nmap -p- 192.168.0.1

• To scan using TCP connect

nmap -sT 192.168.0.1

• To perform the default SYN scan

nmap -sS 192.168.0.1

• The nmap utility can be used to detect the operating system of a particular target

nmap -A 192.168.0.1

Banner Grabbing

• -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info

• nmap -sV --version-intensity 5 xxxxxx.com -p 80

The -sV option lets us fetch the software versions, and by adding --version-intensity 5, we can get the maximum number of possible details about the remote running software.

By using the powerful NSE we can also try other scripts that will help us fetch remote banners easily:

• nmap -sV --script=banner IP

Activities

Basic

1. Use nping to execute a "tcp ping": Check TCP connectivity

Advanced

1. Read nmap Changelog: https://nmap.org/changelog.html

See also

• Security tools: Vulnerability scanner, port scan, Host sweep, nmap, nping, ncat, nc, psad, Gordon Lyon
• Security tools: Password cracking, Vulnerability Scanning, Chainguard
• Wikibooks:Hacking/Tools/Network/Nmap
• ping, nping, arping, fping, gping, hping, mtr, traceroute, tcptraceroute , tracepath, Test-Connection Powershell cmdlet, iperf, Ping (PAN-OS), BWPing, check_ping, ping -M, ios ping, ping -a
• telnet, netcat, nc, nc -l, ncat, socat, ngrok
• Packet analyzer: tcpdump, Wireshark, snoop (Solaris), ngrep, Wireshark, dSniff, netsniff-ng, Corvil, PAN-OS, pcap
• Port knocking, fail2ban fwknop, DenyHosts
• MASSCAN
• whois, IP address, geoiplookup, ip2location

https://nmap.org/book/nping-man.html

https://www.aldeid.com/wiki/Nping

https://serverfault.com/a/608976