Access Control attacks

Access control attacks generally skip access control methods to steal data from systems like communication links, networks, computers, services and sensitive data. Adversaries securely break access control by logging in as an authorized user and accessing their credentials.

Password Attack

A password attack is any means by which a hacker attempts to obtain a user’s login information. In many cases, passwords can simply be guessed after trying a few common words, such as “password” or "root".

Brute Force

The Brute force attack is guessing a key by testing all possibles combinations of numbers and letters through a computer program until find the one that allows access.

• Hybrid brute force attacks:It uses a systematic approach to guess that it does not use external logic.
• Reverse brute force attack:Involves using a common password or group of passwords against multiple possible usernames.
• Credential stuffing:Credential stuffing is a unique form of brute force attack that uses breached username and password pairs.

Automated tools are also available to help with brute-force attacks, the most popular are:

• Aircrack-ng
• John the Ripper password cracking
• Rainbow Crack
• Crack
• Hashcat
• DaveGrohl
• Ncrack
• THC Hydra

See also: fail2ban

Rainbow Table

A wikipedia:rainbow table is pre-computed dictionary/database of plain-text passwords and their corresponding hash values that can be used to find out what plain-text password produces a particular hash.

The passwords in a computer system are not stored directly as plain texts, but are hashed using encryption. A hash function is a one way function, which means that it can’t be decrypted. Whenever a user enters a password, it is converted into a hash value and is compared with the already stored hash value. If the values match, the password has been found.

Rainbow tables availability

Nearly all distributions and variations of Unix, Linux, and BSD use hashes with salts, although many applications use just a hash with no salt (typically MD5).

The Microsoft Windows NT/2000 family uses the LAN Manager and NT LAN Manager unsalted hashing method, based on MD4, which makes it one of the most popularly generated rainbow tables.

See also

• Cain & Abel
• Password, Password policy, Change password, Password manager, passwd, PAM, Password cracking, PasswordAuthentication
• Security: Security portfolio, Security standards, Hardening, CVE, CWE, Wireless Network Hacking, vulnerability scanner, Security risk assessment, SCA, Application Security Testing, OWASP, Data leak, NIST, SANS, MITRE, Security policy, Access Control attacks, password policy, password cracking, Password manager, MFA, OTP, UTF, Firewall, DoS, Software bugs, MITM, Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) Contents, Security+ Malware, FIPS, DLP, Network Access Control (NAC), VAPT, SIEM, EDR, SOC, pentest, PTaaS, Clickjacking, MobSF, Janus vulnerability, Back Orifice, Backdoor, CSO, CSPM, PoLP, forensic, encryption, Keylogger, Pwn2Own, CISO, Prototype pollution

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_table#Common_uses