Git

git (2005) is a distributed revision control software.

Commands

• git init
• git bisect
• git clone
• git config
• git log
• git pull
• git push
• git fetch
• git remote: git remote add origin
• git show
• git checkout
• git switch

Activities

Copy an existing remote repository

1. Clone a remote repository.
   • Select a local folder to copy the repository into, or create a new folder if you prefer. The repository will be copied as a subdirectory of the selected folder.
   • At a command or terminal prompt, navigate to the selected folder.
   • Clone the repository using the command:
     git clone URL_TO_REPO. See also: git pull and git fetch

Create a local repository

1. Initialize a folder for Git.
   • Select a local folder to add to Git, or create a new folder if you are starting a new project.
   • At a command or terminal prompt, navigate to the selected folder.
   • Initialize the folder using the command:
     git init

Retrieve Remote Changes

• Pull/get changes from a remote repository to have latest version of the code
  • Pull/get changes from a remote repository to your local repository using the command:

git pull or git pull <name> <branch>

git pull -v (for more verbose output)

git fetch

gfind $1 -name ".git" | gsed -r 's|/[^/]+$||' | parallel "echo {}; git -C {} pull" (git pull all your repos in parallel, MacOS version)

• Pull subdirectories:

ls | parallel git -C {} pull (assuming all sub-dirs are git repositories)

ls | parallel git -C {} fetch

-C <PATH> run as if git was started in <path> instead of the current working directory.

Repository information

• git remote -v or git remote show origin or git config --get remote.origin.url

git log

git log, git shortlog, git log --all

git show

• git show 3c88ad72430

Tags / Releases

• Show all tags in git log: git log --no-walk --tags --pretty="%h %d %s" --decorate=full
• git tag (show releases)
• List tags with dates: git log --tags --simplify-by-decoration --pretty="format:%ci %d". Just can also add taglog = log --tags --simplify-by-decoration --pretty='format:%ci %d' (note the single-, NOT double-quotes) in the [alias] section of your gitconfig file.

Miscelaneous

• git log --decorate=full --simplify-by-decoration
• Print lines matching a pattern:git grep TEXT_TO_SEARCH
• git merge
• Move existing, uncommitted work to a new branch in git

Tips and Tricks

• To avoid using --pager in all git log commands, add the following line to your ~/.bash_profile file:
  export GIT_PAGER=cat

Security

• CVE-2022-24765 windows and multi-user environments
• gitrob, TruffleHog, gitleaks

Related terms

• git update-git-for-windows
• Git Large File Storage (LFS): git lfs install
• git-crypt
• .git/config
• GitFlow
• git stash
• GitBook
• diffuse -m

Related software

• GitHub (2008)
• GitLab (2011)
• Bitbucket (2008)

Activities

1. Clone some git public repositories
2. Learn what is a merge or pull request: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23076923/what-is-a-merge-request
3. Create your first website in Website Hosting using git
4. Read StackOverflow questions about Git: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/git?tab=Votes
5. Make Local Changes and Update remote Repositories
6. Create branch and commit to remote
7. Create Git branch with current changes

See also

• git: [config | init | status ], git add, git rm, git commit, git push, git pull, .gitconfig, .gitignore, git (clone, fetch, pull), git tag, git log, git blame, Merge Request, LFS, git branch, git apply, git rebase, git diff, git diff-tree, git config --global, remote | submodule | request-pull, GIT_TRACE, GIT_CURL_VERBOSE, clean, main, git show-ref, git reset, git prune, git ls-remote origin, git checkout, git switch, pathspec, git credential-osxkeychain, git version, pre-commit, git --help, GitBook, refs/, Git Credential Manager
• git, GitHub, GitLab, Gerrit, TeamCity, Jenkins, CircleCI, Bitbucket, AWS Codecommit
• VCS: GitHub, GitLab, AWS CodeCommit, Bitbucket, Assembla, GitKraken, Azure DevOps
• Software development: SDLC, SCM, git, GitHub, GitLab, TeamCity, Jenkins, CircleCI, Rational ClearCase, AWS CodeCommit, VCS, /sys/dev/, DDD, EDA

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