git diff-tree --help
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NAME
git-diff-tree - Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects
SYNOPSIS
git diff-tree [--stdin] [-m] [-s] [-v] [--no-commit-id] [--pretty]
[-t] [-r] [-c | --cc] [--combined-all-paths] [--root] [--merge-base]
[<common-diff-options>] <tree-ish> [<tree-ish>] [<path>...]
DESCRIPTION
Compares the content and mode of the blobs found via two tree objects.
If there is only one <tree-ish> given, the commit is compared with its parents (see
--stdin below).
Note that git diff-tree can use the tree encapsulated in a commit object.
OPTIONS
-p, -u, --patch
Generate patch (see section on generating patches).
-s, --no-patch
Suppress diff output. Useful for commands like git show that show the patch by
default, or to cancel the effect of --patch.
-U<n>, --unified=<n>
Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of the usual three. Implies
--patch.
--output=<file>
Output to a specific file instead of stdout.
--output-indicator-new=<char>, --output-indicator-old=<char>,
--output-indicator-context=<char>
Specify the character used to indicate new, old or context lines in the generated
patch. Normally they are +, - and ' ' respectively.
--raw
Generate the diff in raw format. This is the default.
--patch-with-raw
Synonym for -p --raw.
--indent-heuristic
Enable the heuristic that shifts diff hunk boundaries to make patches easier to
read. This is the default.
--no-indent-heuristic
Disable the indent heuristic.
--minimal
Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is produced.
--patience
Generate a diff using the "patience diff" algorithm.
--histogram
Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.
--anchored=<text>
Generate a diff using the "anchored diff" algorithm.
This option may be specified more than once.
If a line exists in both the source and destination, exists only once, and starts
with this text, this algorithm attempts to prevent it from appearing as a deletion
or addition in the output. It uses the "patience diff" algorithm internally.
--diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}
Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows:
default, myers
The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.
minimal
Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is produced.
patience
Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.
histogram
This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support low-occurrence common
elements".
For instance, if you configured the diff.algorithm variable to a non-default value
and want to use the default one, then you have to use --diff-algorithm=default
option.
--stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]
Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary will be used for the
filename part, and the rest for the graph part. Maximum width defaults to terminal
width, or 80 columns if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by
<width>. The width of the filename part can be limited by giving another width
<name-width> after a comma. The width of the graph part can be limited by using
--stat-graph-width=<width> (affects all commands generating a stat graph) or by
setting diff.statGraphWidth=<width> (does not affect git format-patch). By giving a
third parameter <count>, you can limit the output to the first <count> lines,
followed by ... if there are more.
These parameters can also be set individually with --stat-width=<width>,
--stat-name-width=<name-width> and --stat-count=<count>.
--compact-summary
Output a condensed summary of extended header information such as file creations or
deletions ("new" or "gone", optionally "+l" if it’s a symlink) and mode changes
("+x" or "-x" for adding or removing executable bit respectively) in diffstat. The
information is put between the filename part and the graph part. Implies --stat.
--numstat
Similar to --stat, but shows number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation
and pathname without abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly. For binary
files, outputs two - instead of saying 0 0.
--shortstat
Output only the last line of the --stat format containing total number of modified
files, as well as number of added and deleted lines.
-X[<param1,param2,...>], --dirstat[=<param1,param2,...>]
Output the distribution of relative amount of changes for each sub-directory. The
behavior of --dirstat can be customized by passing it a comma separated list of
parameters. The defaults are controlled by the diff.dirstat configuration variable:
(see git-config(1)). The following parameters are available:
changes
Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the lines that have been removed from
the source, or added to the destination. This ignores the amount of pure code
movements within a file. In other words, rearranging lines in a file is not
counted as much as other changes. This is the default behavior when no parameter
is given.
lines
Compute the dirstat numbers by doing the regular line-based diff analysis, and
summing the removed/added line counts. (For binary files, count 64-byte chunks
instead, since binary files have no natural concept of lines). This is a more
expensive --dirstat behavior than the changes behavior, but it does count
rearranged lines within a file as much as other changes. The resulting output is
consistent with what you get from the other --*stat options.
files
Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the number of files changed. Each
changed file counts equally in the dirstat analysis. This is the computationally
cheapest --dirstat behavior, since it does not have to look at the file contents
at all.
cumulative
Count changes in a child directory for the parent directory as well. Note that
when using cumulative, the sum of the percentages reported may exceed 100%. The
default (non-cumulative) behavior can be specified with the noncumulative
parameter.
<limit>
An integer parameter specifies a cut-off percent (3% by default). Directories
contributing less than this percentage of the changes are not shown in the
output.
Example: The following will count changed files, while ignoring directories with
less than 10% of the total amount of changed files, and accumulating child directory
counts in the parent directories: --dirstat=files,10,cumulative.
--cumulative
Synonym for --dirstat=cumulative
--dirstat-by-file[=<param1,param2>...]
Synonym for --dirstat=files,param1,param2...
--summary
Output a condensed summary of extended header information such as creations, renames
and mode changes.
--patch-with-stat
Synonym for -p --stat.
-z
When --raw, --numstat, --name-only or --name-status has been given, do not munge
pathnames and use NULs as output field terminators.
Without this option, pathnames with "unusual" characters are quoted as explained for
the configuration variable core.quotePath (see git-config(1)).
--name-only
Show only names of changed files. The file names are often encoded in UTF-8. For
more information see the discussion about encoding in the git-log(1) manual page.
--name-status
Show only names and status of changed files. See the description of the
--diff-filter option on what the status letters mean. Just like --name-only the file
names are often encoded in UTF-8.
--submodule[=<format>]
Specify how differences in submodules are shown. When specifying --submodule=short
the short format is used. This format just shows the names of the commits at the
beginning and end of the range. When --submodule or --submodule=log is specified,
the log format is used. This format lists the commits in the range like git-
submodule(1) summary does. When --submodule=diff is specified, the diff format is
used. This format shows an inline diff of the changes in the submodule contents
between the commit range. Defaults to diff.submodule or the short format if the
config option is unset.
--color[=<when>]
Show colored diff. --color (i.e. without =<when>) is the same as --color=always.
<when> can be one of always, never, or auto.
--no-color
Turn off colored diff. It is the same as --color=never.
--color-moved[=<mode>]
Moved lines of code are colored differently. The <mode> defaults to no if the option
is not given and to zebra if the option with no mode is given. The mode must be one
of:
no
Moved lines are not highlighted.
default
Is a synonym for zebra. This may change to a more sensible mode in the future.
plain
Any line that is added in one location and was removed in another location will
be colored with color.diff.newMoved. Similarly color.diff.oldMoved will be used
for removed lines that are added somewhere else in the diff. This mode picks up
any moved line, but it is not very useful in a review to determine if a block of
code was moved without permutation.
blocks
Blocks of moved text of at least 20 alphanumeric characters are detected
greedily. The detected blocks are painted using either the
color.diff.{old,new}Moved color. Adjacent blocks cannot be told apart.
zebra
Blocks of moved text are detected as in blocks mode. The blocks are painted
using either the color.diff.{old,new}Moved color or
color.diff.{old,new}MovedAlternative. The change between the two colors
indicates that a new block was detected.
dimmed-zebra
Similar to zebra, but additional dimming of uninteresting parts of moved code is
performed. The bordering lines of two adjacent blocks are considered
interesting, the rest is uninteresting. dimmed_zebra is a deprecated synonym.
--no-color-moved
Turn off move detection. This can be used to override configuration settings. It is
the same as --color-moved=no.
--color-moved-ws=<modes>
This configures how whitespace is ignored when performing the move detection for
--color-moved. These modes can be given as a comma separated list:
no
Do not ignore whitespace when performing move detection.
ignore-space-at-eol
Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL.
ignore-space-change
Ignore changes in amount of whitespace. This ignores whitespace at line end, and
considers all other sequences of one or more whitespace characters to be
equivalent.
ignore-all-space
Ignore whitespace when comparing lines. This ignores differences even if one
line has whitespace where the other line has none.
allow-indentation-change
Initially ignore any whitespace in the move detection, then group the moved code
blocks only into a block if the change in whitespace is the same per line. This
is incompatible with the other modes.
--no-color-moved-ws
Do not ignore whitespace when performing move detection. This can be used to
override configuration settings. It is the same as --color-moved-ws=no.
--word-diff[=<mode>]
Show a word diff, using the <mode> to delimit changed words. By default, words are
delimited by whitespace; see --word-diff-regex below. The <mode> defaults to plain,
and must be one of:
color
Highlight changed words using only colors. Implies --color.
plain
Show words as [-removed-] and {+added+}. Makes no attempts to escape the
delimiters if they appear in the input, so the output may be ambiguous.
porcelain
Use a special line-based format intended for script consumption.
Added/removed/unchanged runs are printed in the usual unified diff format,
starting with a +/-/` ` character at the beginning of the line and extending to
the end of the line. Newlines in the input are represented by a tilde ~ on a
line of its own.
none
Disable word diff again.
Note that despite the name of the first mode, color is used to highlight the changed
parts in all modes if enabled.
--word-diff-regex=<regex>
Use <regex> to decide what a word is, instead of considering runs of non-whitespace
to be a word. Also implies --word-diff unless it was already enabled.
Every non-overlapping match of the <regex> is considered a word. Anything between
these matches is considered whitespace and ignored(!) for the purposes of finding
differences. You may want to append |[^[:space:]] to your regular expression to make
sure that it matches all non-whitespace characters. A match that contains a newline
is silently truncated(!) at the newline.
For example, --word-diff-regex=. will treat each character as a word and,
correspondingly, show differences character by character.
The regex can also be set via a diff driver or configuration option, see
gitattributes(5) or git-config(1). Giving it explicitly overrides any diff driver or
configuration setting. Diff drivers override configuration settings.
--color-words[=<regex>]
Equivalent to --word-diff=color plus (if a regex was specified)
--word-diff-regex=<regex>.
--no-renames
Turn off rename detection, even when the configuration file gives the default to do
so.
--[no-]rename-empty
Whether to use empty blobs as rename source.
--check
Warn if changes introduce conflict markers or whitespace errors. What are considered
whitespace errors is controlled by core.whitespace configuration. By default,
trailing whitespaces (including lines that consist solely of whitespaces) and a
space character that is immediately followed by a tab character inside the initial
indent of the line are considered whitespace errors. Exits with non-zero status if
problems are found. Not compatible with --exit-code.
--ws-error-highlight=<kind>
Highlight whitespace errors in the context, old or new lines of the diff. Multiple
values are separated by comma, none resets previous values, default reset the list
to new and all is a shorthand for old,new,context. When this option is not given,
and the configuration variable diff.wsErrorHighlight is not set, only whitespace
errors in new lines are highlighted. The whitespace errors are colored with
color.diff.whitespace.
--full-index
Instead of the first handful of characters, show the full pre- and post-image blob
object names on the "index" line when generating patch format output.
--binary
In addition to --full-index, output a binary diff that can be applied with
git-apply. Implies --patch.
--abbrev[=<n>]
Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object name in diff-raw format
output and diff-tree header lines, show the shortest prefix that is at least <n>
hexdigits long that uniquely refers the object. In diff-patch output format,
--full-index takes higher precedence, i.e. if --full-index is specified, full blob
names will be shown regardless of --abbrev. Non default number of digits can be
specified with --abbrev=<n>.
-B[<n>][/<m>], --break-rewrites[=[<n>][/<m>]]
Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and create. This serves two
purposes:
It affects the way a change that amounts to a total rewrite of a file not as a
series of deletion and insertion mixed together with a very few lines that happen to
match textually as the context, but as a single deletion of everything old followed
by a single insertion of everything new, and the number m controls this aspect of
the -B option (defaults to 60%). -B/70% specifies that less than 30% of the
original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total rewrite (i.e.
otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of deletion and insertion mixed
together with context lines).
When used with -M, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the source of a
rename (usually -M only considers a file that disappeared as the source of a
rename), and the number n controls this aspect of the -B option (defaults to 50%).
-B20% specifies that a change with addition and deletion compared to 20% or more of
the file’s size are eligible for being picked up as a possible source of a rename to
another file.
-M[<n>], --find-renames[=<n>]
Detect renames. If n is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity index (i.e.
amount of addition/deletions compared to the file’s size). For example, -M90% means
Git should consider a delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file
hasn’t changed. Without a % sign, the number is to be read as a fraction, with a
decimal point before it. I.e., -M5 becomes 0.5, and is thus the same as -M50%.
Similarly, -M05 is the same as -M5%. To limit detection to exact renames, use
-M100%. The default similarity index is 50%.
-C[<n>], --find-copies[=<n>]
Detect copies as well as renames. See also --find-copies-harder. If n is specified,
it has the same meaning as for -M<n>.
--find-copies-harder
For performance reasons, by default, -C option finds copies only if the original
file of the copy was modified in the same changeset. This flag makes the command
inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of copy. This is a very
expensive operation for large projects, so use it with caution. Giving more than one
-C option has the same effect.
-D, --irreversible-delete
Omit the preimage for deletes, i.e. print only the header but not the diff between
the preimage and /dev/null. The resulting patch is not meant to be applied with
patch or git apply; this is solely for people who want to just concentrate on
reviewing the text after the change. In addition, the output obviously lacks enough
information to apply such a patch in reverse, even manually, hence the name of the
option.
When used together with -B, omit also the preimage in the deletion part of a
delete/create pair.
-l<num>
The -M and -C options involve some preliminary steps that can detect subsets of
renames/copies cheaply, followed by an exhaustive fallback portion that compares all
remaining unpaired destinations to all relevant sources. (For renames, only
remaining unpaired sources are relevant; for copies, all original sources are
relevant.) For N sources and destinations, this exhaustive check is O(N^2). This
option prevents the exhaustive portion of rename/copy detection from running if the
number of source/destination files involved exceeds the specified number. Defaults
to diff.renameLimit. Note that a value of 0 is treated as unlimited.
--diff-filter=[(A|C|D|M|R|T|U|X|B)...[*]]
Select only files that are Added (A), Copied (C), Deleted (D), Modified (M), Renamed
(R), have their type (i.e. regular file, symlink, submodule, ...) changed (T), are
Unmerged (U), are Unknown (X), or have had their pairing Broken (B). Any combination
of the filter characters (including none) can be used. When * (All-or-none) is added
to the combination, all paths are selected if there is any file that matches other
criteria in the comparison; if there is no file that matches other criteria, nothing
is selected.
Also, these upper-case letters can be downcased to exclude. E.g. --diff-filter=ad
excludes added and deleted paths.
Note that not all diffs can feature all types. For instance, copied and renamed
entries cannot appear if detection for those types is disabled.
-S<string>
Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of the specified string
(i.e. addition/deletion) in a file. Intended for the scripter’s use.
It is useful when you’re looking for an exact block of code (like a struct), and
want to know the history of that block since it first came into being: use the
feature iteratively to feed the interesting block in the preimage back into -S, and
keep going until you get the very first version of the block.
Binary files are searched as well.
-G<regex>
Look for differences whose patch text contains added/removed lines that match
<regex>.
To illustrate the difference between -S<regex> --pickaxe-regex and -G<regex>,
consider a commit with the following diff in the same file:
+ return frotz(nitfol, two->ptr, 1, 0);
...
- hit = frotz(nitfol, mf2.ptr, 1, 0);
While git log -G"frotz\(nitfol" will show this commit, git log -S"frotz\(nitfol"
--pickaxe-regex will not (because the number of occurrences of that string did not
change).
Unless --text is supplied patches of binary files without a textconv filter will be
ignored.
See the pickaxe entry in gitdiffcore(7) for more information.
--find-object=<object-id>
Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of the specified object.
Similar to -S, just the argument is different in that it doesn’t search for a
specific string but for a specific object id.
The object can be a blob or a submodule commit. It implies the -t option in git-log
to also find trees.
--pickaxe-all
When -S or -G finds a change, show all the changes in that changeset, not just the
files that contain the change in <string>.
--pickaxe-regex
Treat the <string> given to -S as an extended POSIX regular expression to match.
-O<orderfile>
Control the order in which files appear in the output. This overrides the
diff.orderFile configuration variable (see git-config(1)). To cancel diff.orderFile,
use -O/dev/null.
The output order is determined by the order of glob patterns in <orderfile>. All
files with pathnames that match the first pattern are output first, all files with
pathnames that match the second pattern (but not the first) are output next, and so
on. All files with pathnames that do not match any pattern are output last, as if
there was an implicit match-all pattern at the end of the file. If multiple
pathnames have the same rank (they match the same pattern but no earlier patterns),
their output order relative to each other is the normal order.
<orderfile> is parsed as follows:
• Blank lines are ignored, so they can be used as separators for readability.
• Lines starting with a hash ("#") are ignored, so they can be used for comments.
Add a backslash ("\") to the beginning of the pattern if it starts with a hash.
• Each other line contains a single pattern.
Patterns have the same syntax and semantics as patterns used for fnmatch(3) without
the FNM_PATHNAME flag, except a pathname also matches a pattern if removing any
number of the final pathname components matches the pattern. For example, the
pattern "foo*bar" matches "fooasdfbar" and "foo/bar/baz/asdf" but not "foobarx".
--skip-to=<file>, --rotate-to=<file>
Discard the files before the named <file> from the output (i.e. skip to), or move
them to the end of the output (i.e. rotate to). These were invented primarily for
use of the git difftool command, and may not be very useful otherwise.
-R
Swap two inputs; that is, show differences from index or on-disk file to tree
contents.
--relative[=<path>], --no-relative
When run from a subdirectory of the project, it can be told to exclude changes
outside the directory and show pathnames relative to it with this option. When you
are not in a subdirectory (e.g. in a bare repository), you can name which
subdirectory to make the output relative to by giving a <path> as an argument.
--no-relative can be used to countermand both diff.relative config option and
previous --relative.
-a, --text
Treat all files as text.
--ignore-cr-at-eol
Ignore carriage-return at the end of line when doing a comparison.
--ignore-space-at-eol
Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL.
-b, --ignore-space-change
Ignore changes in amount of whitespace. This ignores whitespace at line end, and
considers all other sequences of one or more whitespace characters to be equivalent.
-w, --ignore-all-space
Ignore whitespace when comparing lines. This ignores differences even if one line
has whitespace where the other line has none.
--ignore-blank-lines
Ignore changes whose lines are all blank.
-I<regex>, --ignore-matching-lines=<regex>
Ignore changes whose all lines match <regex>. This option may be specified more than
once.
--inter-hunk-context=<lines>
Show the context between diff hunks, up to the specified number of lines, thereby
fusing hunks that are close to each other. Defaults to diff.interHunkContext or 0 if
the config option is unset.
-W, --function-context
Show whole function as context lines for each change. The function names are
determined in the same way as git diff works out patch hunk headers (see Defining a
custom hunk-header in gitattributes(5)).
--exit-code
Make the program exit with codes similar to diff(1). That is, it exits with 1 if
--quiet
Disable all output of the program. Implies --exit-code.
--ext-diff
Allow an external diff helper to be executed. If you set an external diff driver
with gitattributes(5), you need to use this option with git-log(1) and friends.
--no-ext-diff
Disallow external diff drivers.
--textconv, --no-textconv
Allow (or disallow) external text conversion filters to be run when comparing binary
files. See gitattributes(5) for details. Because textconv filters are typically a
one-way conversion, the resulting diff is suitable for human consumption, but cannot
be applied. For this reason, textconv filters are enabled by default only for git-
diff(1) and git-log(1), but not for git-format-patch(1) or diff plumbing commands.
--ignore-submodules[=<when>]
Ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation. <when> can be either "none",
"untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default. Using "none" will consider the
submodule modified when it either contains untracked or modified files or its HEAD
differs from the commit recorded in the superproject and can be used to override any
settings of the ignore option in git-config(1) or gitmodules(5). When "untracked" is
used submodules are not considered dirty when they only contain untracked content
(but they are still scanned for modified content). Using "dirty" ignores all changes
to the work tree of submodules, only changes to the commits stored in the
superproject are shown (this was the behavior until 1.7.0). Using "all" hides all
changes to submodules.
--src-prefix=<prefix>
Show the given source prefix instead of "a/".
--dst-prefix=<prefix>
Show the given destination prefix instead of "b/".
--no-prefix
Do not show any source or destination prefix.
--line-prefix=<prefix>
Prepend an additional prefix to every line of output.
--ita-invisible-in-index
By default entries added by "git add -N" appear as an existing empty file in "git
diff" and a new file in "git diff --cached". This option makes the entry appear as a
new file in "git diff" and non-existent in "git diff --cached". This option could be
reverted with --ita-visible-in-index. Both options are experimental and could be
removed in future.
For more detailed explanation on these common options, see also gitdiffcore(7).
<tree-ish>
The id of a tree object.
<path>...
If provided, the results are limited to a subset of files matching one of the
provided pathspecs.
-r
recurse into sub-trees
-t
show tree entry itself as well as subtrees. Implies -r.
--root
When --root is specified the initial commit will be shown as a big creation event.
This is equivalent to a diff against the NULL tree.
--merge-base
Instead of comparing the <tree-ish>s directly, use the merge base between the two
<tree-ish>s as the "before" side. There must be two <tree-ish>s given and they must
both be commits.
--stdin
When --stdin is specified, the command does not take <tree-ish> arguments from the
command line. Instead, it reads lines containing either two <tree>, one <commit>, or
a list of <commit> from its standard input. (Use a single space as separator.)
When two trees are given, it compares the first tree with the second. When a single
commit is given, it compares the commit with its parents. The remaining commits,
when given, are used as if they are parents of the first commit.
When comparing two trees, the ID of both trees (separated by a space and terminated
by a newline) is printed before the difference. When comparing commits, the ID of
the first (or only) commit, followed by a newline, is printed.
The following flags further affect the behavior when comparing commits (but not
trees).
-m
By default, git diff-tree --stdin does not show differences for merge commits. With
this flag, it shows differences to that commit from all of its parents. See also -c.
-s
By default, git diff-tree --stdin shows differences, either in machine-readable form
(without -p) or in patch form (with -p). This output can be suppressed. It is only
useful with -v flag.
-v
This flag causes git diff-tree --stdin to also show the commit message before the
differences.
--pretty[=<format>], --format=<format>
Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format, where <format> can
be one of oneline, short, medium, full, fuller, reference, email, raw,
format:<string> and tformat:<string>. When <format> is none of the above, and has
%placeholder in it, it acts as if --pretty=tformat:<format> were given.
See the "PRETTY FORMATS" section for some additional details for each format. When
=<format> part is omitted, it defaults to medium.
Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the repository configuration (see
git-config(1)).
--abbrev-commit
Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object name, show a prefix
that names the object uniquely. "--abbrev=<n>" (which also modifies diff output, if
it is displayed) option can be used to specify the minimum length of the prefix.
This should make "--pretty=oneline" a whole lot more readable for people using
80-column terminals.
--no-abbrev-commit
Show the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object name. This negates --abbrev-commit,
either explicit or implied by other options such as "--oneline". It also overrides
the log.abbrevCommit variable.
--oneline
This is a shorthand for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit" used together.
--encoding=<encoding>
Commit objects record the character encoding used for the log message in their
encoding header; this option can be used to tell the command to re-code the commit
log message in the encoding preferred by the user. For non plumbing commands this
defaults to UTF-8. Note that if an object claims to be encoded in X and we are
outputting in X, we will output the object verbatim; this means that invalid
sequences in the original commit may be copied to the output. Likewise, if iconv(3)
fails to convert the commit, we will quietly output the original object verbatim.
--expand-tabs=<n>, --expand-tabs, --no-expand-tabs
Perform a tab expansion (replace each tab with enough spaces to fill to the next display column that is multiple of <n>) in the log message before showing it in the output. --expand-tabs is
a short-hand for --expand-tabs=8, and --no-expand-tabs is a short-hand for --expand-tabs=0, which disables tab expansion.
By default, tabs are expanded in pretty formats that indent the log message by 4 spaces (i.e. medium, which is the default, full, and fuller).
--notes[=<ref>]
Show the notes (see git-notes(1)) that annotate the commit, when showing the commit log message. This is the default for git log, git show and git whatchanged commands when there is no
--pretty, --format, or --oneline option given on the command line.
By default, the notes shown are from the notes refs listed in the core.notesRef and notes.displayRef variables (or corresponding environment overrides). See git-config(1) for more details.
With an optional <ref> argument, use the ref to find the notes to display. The ref can specify the full refname when it begins with refs/notes/; when it begins with notes/, refs/ and
otherwise refs/notes/ is prefixed to form a full name of the ref.
Multiple --notes options can be combined to control which notes are being displayed. Examples: "--notes=foo" will show only notes from "refs/notes/foo"; "--notes=foo --notes" will show both
notes from "refs/notes/foo" and from the default notes ref(s).
--no-notes
Do not show notes. This negates the above --notes option, by resetting the list of notes refs from which notes are shown. Options are parsed in the order given on the command line, so e.g.
"--notes --notes=foo --no-notes --notes=bar" will only show notes from "refs/notes/bar".
--show-notes[=<ref>], --[no-]standard-notes
These options are deprecated. Use the above --notes/--no-notes options instead.
--show-signature
Check the validity of a signed commit object by passing the signature to gpg --verify and show the output.
--no-commit-id
git diff-tree outputs a line with the commit ID when applicable. This flag suppressed the commit ID output.
-c
This flag changes the way a merge commit is displayed (which means it is useful only when the command is given one <tree-ish>, or --stdin). It shows the differences from each of the parents
to the merge result simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent and the result one at a time (which is what the -m option does). Furthermore, it lists only files which
were modified from all parents.
--cc
This flag changes the way a merge commit patch is displayed, in a similar way to the -c option. It implies the -c and -p options and further compresses the patch output by omitting
uninteresting hunks whose the contents in the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks one of them without modification. When all hunks are uninteresting, the commit itself
and the commit log message is not shown, just like in any other "empty diff" case.
--combined-all-paths
This flag causes combined diffs (used for merge commits) to list the name of the file from all parents. It thus only has effect when -c or --cc are specified, and is likely only useful if
filename changes are detected (i.e. when either rename or copy detection have been requested).
--always
Show the commit itself and the commit log message even if the diff itself is empty.
See also[edit]
Advertising:
